Historic Publications

Inman VT, Saunders JBDM & Abbot LC. Observations on the function of the shoulder joint. Journal of Bone Joint Surg 26:1-30, 1944

Famous but lengthy paper on the shoulder, covering comparative anatomy, muscle function in elevation, a brief mechanical analysis and case studies.

Paper available here.

Fick AE & Weber E (1877) Anatomisch-mechanische Studie ueber die Schultermuskeln II. Verhandl. Würz. Phys. Med. Ges., 11:257-29

Follow-up of the first, more general, paper in which results for each muscle are discussed.
Paper available here

Fick AE & Weber E (1877) Anatomisch-mechanische Studie ueber die Schultermuskeln I. Verhandl. Würz. Phys. Med. Ges., 11:123-153

Description (in German) of the method to estimate moment arms of shoulder muscles in 3-D. The analysis is worked out for two different arm positions. This paper is one of the first papers where the relationship between angle changes and length changes was used.
Paper available here

Syndicate content